{
"releaseID": "WFH_release_2026_02",
"transmissionDT": "2026-02-23 18:12:07.000",
"version": "2.0",
"series": [
{
"source_id": "wfhcovid_matquestion",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate",
"frequency": "M",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US workers. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Estimate for 2019 is based on data from the American Time Use Survey. The June 2020 data point averages across May and July because we did not run a survey in June. The September 2023 data point is an average of August and October due to data quality issues in September. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2019-12-01",
"7.15"
],
[
"2020-05-01",
"61.59"
],
[
"2020-06-01",
"56.41"
],
[
"2020-07-01",
"51.22"
],
[
"2020-08-01",
"48.46"
],
[
"2020-09-01",
"44.37"
],
[
"2020-10-01",
"43.42"
],
[
"2020-11-01",
"38.85"
],
[
"2020-12-01",
"37.11"
],
[
"2021-01-01",
"36.89"
],
[
"2021-02-01",
"34.14"
],
[
"2021-03-01",
"34.79"
],
[
"2021-04-01",
"34.94"
],
[
"2021-05-01",
"32.91"
],
[
"2021-06-01",
"32.82"
],
[
"2021-07-01",
"33.57"
],
[
"2021-08-01",
"32.08"
],
[
"2021-09-01",
"32.57"
],
[
"2021-10-01",
"32.31"
],
[
"2021-11-01",
"33.19"
],
[
"2021-12-01",
"33.38"
],
[
"2022-01-01",
"32.54"
],
[
"2022-02-01",
"31.12"
],
[
"2022-03-01",
"31.07"
],
[
"2022-04-01",
"29.58"
],
[
"2022-05-01",
"31.58"
],
[
"2022-06-01",
"31.65"
],
[
"2022-07-01",
"30.76"
],
[
"2022-08-01",
"29.55"
],
[
"2022-09-01",
"29.15"
],
[
"2022-10-01",
"29.46"
],
[
"2022-11-01",
"28.91"
],
[
"2022-12-01",
"29.3"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"27.26"
],
[
"2023-02-01",
"27.83"
],
[
"2023-03-01",
"28.76"
],
[
"2023-04-01",
"28.4"
],
[
"2023-05-01",
"28.28"
],
[
"2023-06-01",
"28.26"
],
[
"2023-07-01",
"30.83"
],
[
"2023-08-01",
"30.68"
],
[
"2023-09-01",
"29.36"
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[
"2023-10-01",
"28.05"
],
[
"2023-11-01",
"28.54"
],
[
"2023-12-01",
"29.49"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"28.87"
],
[
"2024-02-01",
"27.79"
],
[
"2024-03-01",
"27.48"
],
[
"2024-04-01",
"27.09"
],
[
"2024-05-01",
"26.63"
],
[
"2024-06-01",
"28.56"
],
[
"2024-07-01",
"29.49"
],
[
"2024-08-01",
"27.45"
],
[
"2024-09-01",
"27.63"
],
[
"2024-10-01",
"26.4"
],
[
"2024-11-01",
"26.82"
],
[
"2024-12-01",
"26.89"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"29.37"
],
[
"2025-02-01",
"26.8"
],
[
"2025-03-01",
"28.72"
],
[
"2025-04-01",
"27.55"
],
[
"2025-05-01",
"27.17"
],
[
"2025-06-01",
"27.88"
],
[
"2025-07-01",
"27.28"
],
[
"2025-08-01",
"26.4"
],
[
"2025-09-01",
"26.64"
],
[
"2025-10-01",
"24.92"
],
[
"2025-11-01",
"25.41"
],
[
"2025-12-01",
"27.26"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"24.51"
],
[
"2026-02-01",
"24.72"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfhcovid_fracmat_women",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Women",
"frequency": "M",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of fully paid days worked from home for US women. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). The September 2023 data point is an average of August and October due to data quality issues in September. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
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[
"2019-12-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-05-01",
"64.66792297363281"
],
[
"2020-06-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-07-01",
"51.68844985961914"
],
[
"2020-08-01",
"50.317138671875"
],
[
"2020-09-01",
"44.3994255065918"
],
[
"2020-10-01",
"47.20660018920898"
],
[
"2020-11-01",
"37.47919464111328"
],
[
"2020-12-01",
"38.50370407104492"
],
[
"2021-01-01",
"38.33595657348633"
],
[
"2021-02-01",
"34.85781860351563"
],
[
"2021-03-01",
"36.48905563354492"
],
[
"2021-04-01",
"35.24111938476563"
],
[
"2021-05-01",
"32.1568717956543"
],
[
"2021-06-01",
"31.59117317199707"
],
[
"2021-07-01",
"32.68862915039063"
],
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"2021-08-01",
"30.29585838317871"
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"2021-09-01",
"32.27987670898438"
],
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"2021-10-01",
"30.05263519287109"
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"2021-11-01",
"30.9492244720459"
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"2021-12-01",
"34.29360961914063"
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"2022-01-01",
"34.62029266357422"
],
[
"2022-02-01",
"32.427001953125"
],
[
"2022-03-01",
"31.97755432128906"
],
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"2022-04-01",
"30.1091480255127"
],
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"2022-05-01",
"30.64924049377441"
],
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"2022-06-01",
"30.49681854248047"
],
[
"2022-07-01",
"31.46653938293457"
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[
"2022-08-01",
"32.18726348876953"
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[
"2022-09-01",
"30.17579650878906"
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"2022-10-01",
"29.22968864440918"
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"30.06415367126465"
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"2022-12-01",
"32.25223159790039"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"27.75632476806641"
],
[
"2023-02-01",
"28.97843551635742"
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[
"2023-03-01",
"30.27134895324707"
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[
"2023-04-01",
"30.71306037902832"
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[
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"28.2355899810791"
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"28.86834526062012"
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[
"2023-07-01",
"32.79620361328125"
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"2023-08-01",
"30.56836318969727"
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[
"2023-09-01",
"29.71478652954102"
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[
"2023-10-01",
"28.86120796203613"
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"2023-11-01",
"29.71490478515625"
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"2023-12-01",
"30.74795532226563"
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"2024-01-01",
"28.04385375976563"
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"29.21308517456055"
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"27.12539291381836"
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"32.96265029907227"
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"2024-08-01",
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"27.71848297119141"
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"2024-10-01",
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"28.17781257629395"
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"2024-12-01",
"28.34987640380859"
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"2025-01-01",
"32.20405578613281"
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"31.82996368408203"
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"2025-04-01",
"28.86953735351563"
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"2026-01-01",
"26.50129508972168"
],
[
"2026-02-01",
"27.68602752685547"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfhcovid_fracmat_men",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Men",
"frequency": "M",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of fully paid days worked from home for US men. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). The September 2023 data point is an average of August and October due to data quality issues in September. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
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[
"2019-12-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-05-01",
"59.61994552612305"
],
[
"2020-06-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-07-01",
"50.68939971923828"
],
[
"2020-08-01",
"47.04890823364258"
],
[
"2020-09-01",
"44.34648132324219"
],
[
"2020-10-01",
"40.82806777954102"
],
[
"2020-11-01",
"39.80886077880859"
],
[
"2020-12-01",
"35.90176010131836"
],
[
"2021-01-01",
"35.8137321472168"
],
[
"2021-02-01",
"33.61693954467773"
],
[
"2021-03-01",
"33.50331878662109"
],
[
"2021-04-01",
"34.66591262817383"
],
[
"2021-05-01",
"33.65176391601563"
],
[
"2021-06-01",
"34.06673431396484"
],
[
"2021-07-01",
"34.4135856628418"
],
[
"2021-08-01",
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],
[
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"32.81253814697266"
],
[
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],
[
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"34.50295639038086"
],
[
"2021-12-01",
"32.66292190551758"
],
[
"2022-01-01",
"31.07342910766602"
],
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"29.81109046936035"
],
[
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"30.45443153381348"
],
[
"2022-04-01",
"29.22217750549316"
],
[
"2022-05-01",
"32.56809997558594"
],
[
"2022-06-01",
"33.08744049072266"
],
[
"2022-07-01",
"30.22304916381836"
],
[
"2022-08-01",
"26.83524703979492"
],
[
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"28.34313583374023"
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"26.743408203125"
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"26.59435653686523"
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[
"2023-02-01",
"26.87201881408691"
],
[
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"27.44274139404297"
],
[
"2023-04-01",
"26.34025192260742"
],
[
"2023-05-01",
"28.4399299621582"
],
[
"2023-06-01",
"27.64380264282227"
],
[
"2023-07-01",
"29.62170791625977"
],
[
"2023-08-01",
"30.60968399047852"
],
[
"2023-09-01",
"28.96596145629883"
],
[
"2023-10-01",
"27.32223892211914"
],
[
"2023-11-01",
"27.67786026000977"
],
[
"2023-12-01",
"28.5019702911377"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"29.43465805053711"
],
[
"2024-02-01",
"26.62758827209473"
],
[
"2024-03-01",
"27.43919372558594"
],
[
"2024-04-01",
"27.33283805847168"
],
[
"2024-05-01",
"26.16499328613281"
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[
"2024-06-01",
"25.01298522949219"
],
[
"2024-07-01",
"27.67412567138672"
],
[
"2024-08-01",
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],
[
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"27.71979904174805"
],
[
"2024-10-01",
"25.38177871704102"
],
[
"2024-11-01",
"25.56352615356445"
],
[
"2024-12-01",
"25.87274360656738"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"27.15991020202637"
],
[
"2025-02-01",
"25.4794750213623"
],
[
"2025-03-01",
"25.86163520812988"
],
[
"2025-04-01",
"26.56434059143066"
],
[
"2025-05-01",
"27.07781982421875"
],
[
"2025-06-01",
"26.58810234069824"
],
[
"2025-07-01",
"24.95994186401367"
],
[
"2025-08-01",
"25.58303642272949"
],
[
"2025-09-01",
"25.47077560424805"
],
[
"2025-10-01",
"23.41301918029785"
],
[
"2025-11-01",
"24.42318534851074"
],
[
"2025-12-01",
"26.74557876586914"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"22.84050178527832"
],
[
"2026-02-01",
"22.63469314575195"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_arts_entertain",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Arts & Entertainment, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Arts & Entertainment sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"34.92"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"35.65"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"32.51"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"34.2"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"20.82"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_education",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Education, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Education sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"24.37"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"21.65"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"19.46"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"18.14"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"14.15"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_finance_insurance",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Finance & Insurance, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Finance & Insurance sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"44.77"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"43.09"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"44.94"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"44.49"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"39.91"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_government",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Government, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Government sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"26.91"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"24.09"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"26.84"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"23.95"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"17.9"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_healthcare",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Health Care & Social Assistance, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Health Care & Social Assistance sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"26.03"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"25.24"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"25.73"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"25.48"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"24.14"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_hospitaility_food",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Hospitality & Food Services, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Hospitality & Food Services sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"11.77"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"11.19"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"10.24"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"11.11"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"11.41"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_information",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Information, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Information sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"48.44"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"45.37"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"44.74"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"42.44"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"47.05"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_manufacturing",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Manufacturing, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Manufacturing sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"17.47"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"16.16"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"16.15"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"14.57"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"12.39"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_prof_bus_services",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Professional & Business Services, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Professional & Business Services sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"40.49"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"39.15"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"38.99"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"37.21"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"34.06"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_realestate",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Real Estate, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Real Estate sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"35.55"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"26.07"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"33.65"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"30.89"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"39.88"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_retail",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Retail Trade, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Retail Trade sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"15.09"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"14.01"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"13.46"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"14.02"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"15.77"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_transp_warehousing",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Transportation & Warehousing, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Transportation & Warehousing sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"13.21"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"13.26"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"13.24"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"13.88"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"11.71"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_utilities",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Utilities, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Utilities sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"28.39"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"28.19"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"31.44"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"30.59"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"17.2"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "wfh_fracmat_wholesale",
"metadata": {
"title": "Work from Home Rate: Wholesale Trade, Wage and Salary Employees",
"frequency": "A",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent of Full Paid Working Days",
"notes": "Percent of full paid days worked from home for US wage and salary employees in the Wholesale Trade sector. Average obtained from a survey of US workers who earned $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data for the latest year use survey responses from months that have ended by the release date. Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2022-01-01",
"37.43"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"26.39"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"30.15"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"30.44"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"21.94"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "full_onsite_curr",
"metadata": {
"title": "All Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers: Working Fully on Site",
"frequency": "M",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent",
"notes": "Percent of US full-time wage and salary workers with no work-from-home days the prior week. Data obtained from a survey of US workers earning $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2019-12-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-05-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-06-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-07-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-08-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-09-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-10-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-11-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-12-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-01-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-02-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-03-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-04-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-05-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-06-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-07-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-08-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-09-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-10-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-11-01",
"54.33"
],
[
"2021-12-01",
"53.42"
],
[
"2022-01-01",
"56.77"
],
[
"2022-02-01",
"59.49"
],
[
"2022-03-01",
"57.28"
],
[
"2022-04-01",
"59.2"
],
[
"2022-05-01",
"55.53"
],
[
"2022-06-01",
"52.97"
],
[
"2022-07-01",
"57.25"
],
[
"2022-08-01",
"56.34"
],
[
"2022-09-01",
"56.94"
],
[
"2022-10-01",
"57.16"
],
[
"2022-11-01",
"59.72"
],
[
"2022-12-01",
"57.44"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"61.69"
],
[
"2023-02-01",
"60.42"
],
[
"2023-03-01",
"58.04"
],
[
"2023-04-01",
"57.68"
],
[
"2023-05-01",
"60.19"
],
[
"2023-06-01",
"58.21"
],
[
"2023-07-01",
"57.8"
],
[
"2023-08-01",
"55.87"
],
[
"2023-09-01",
"57.85"
],
[
"2023-10-01",
"59.83"
],
[
"2023-11-01",
"58.18"
],
[
"2023-12-01",
"57.11"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"57.82"
],
[
"2024-02-01",
"61.62"
],
[
"2024-03-01",
"61.38"
],
[
"2024-04-01",
"61.21"
],
[
"2024-05-01",
"64.04000000000001"
],
[
"2024-06-01",
"57.96"
],
[
"2024-07-01",
"59.42"
],
[
"2024-08-01",
"62.73"
],
[
"2024-09-01",
"61.64"
],
[
"2024-10-01",
"61.53"
],
[
"2024-11-01",
"61.81"
],
[
"2024-12-01",
"63.99"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"58.45"
],
[
"2025-02-01",
"61.49"
],
[
"2025-03-01",
"58.96"
],
[
"2025-04-01",
"60.12"
],
[
"2025-05-01",
"60.72"
],
[
"2025-06-01",
"61.41"
],
[
"2025-07-01",
"59.62"
],
[
"2025-08-01",
"61.75"
],
[
"2025-09-01",
"60.07"
],
[
"2025-10-01",
"64.21000000000001"
],
[
"2025-11-01",
"63.63"
],
[
"2025-12-01",
"62.09"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"65.84"
],
[
"2026-02-01",
"64.52"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "hybrid_curr",
"metadata": {
"title": "All Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers: Working in Hybrid (some days working from home, some days at employer or client site)",
"frequency": "M",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent",
"notes": "Percent of US full-time wage and salary workers with at least one work-from-home day and one day working at their employer or client worksite the prior week. Data obtained from a sample of US workers earning $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2019-12-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-05-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-06-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-07-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-08-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-09-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-10-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-11-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-12-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-01-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-02-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-03-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-04-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-05-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-06-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-07-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-08-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-09-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-10-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-11-01",
"30.41"
],
[
"2021-12-01",
"32.57"
],
[
"2022-01-01",
"25.47"
],
[
"2022-02-01",
"22.78"
],
[
"2022-03-01",
"27.24"
],
[
"2022-04-01",
"27.85"
],
[
"2022-05-01",
"30.77"
],
[
"2022-06-01",
"33.45"
],
[
"2022-07-01",
"28.53"
],
[
"2022-08-01",
"29.37"
],
[
"2022-09-01",
"30.18"
],
[
"2022-10-01",
"29.81"
],
[
"2022-11-01",
"27.34"
],
[
"2022-12-01",
"29.63"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"26.36"
],
[
"2023-02-01",
"28.43"
],
[
"2023-03-01",
"29.14"
],
[
"2023-04-01",
"31.59"
],
[
"2023-05-01",
"27.5"
],
[
"2023-06-01",
"29.37"
],
[
"2023-07-01",
"28.08"
],
[
"2023-08-01",
"32.29"
],
[
"2023-09-01",
"30.63"
],
[
"2023-10-01",
"28.97"
],
[
"2023-11-01",
"28.75"
],
[
"2023-12-01",
"30.15"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"29.61"
],
[
"2024-02-01",
"24.65"
],
[
"2024-03-01",
"26.29"
],
[
"2024-04-01",
"27.19"
],
[
"2024-05-01",
"23.63"
],
[
"2024-06-01",
"29.93"
],
[
"2024-07-01",
"25.74"
],
[
"2024-08-01",
"23.08"
],
[
"2024-09-01",
"25.08"
],
[
"2024-10-01",
"26.2"
],
[
"2024-11-01",
"25.09"
],
[
"2024-12-01",
"23.73"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"27.41"
],
[
"2025-02-01",
"26.39"
],
[
"2025-03-01",
"27.5"
],
[
"2025-04-01",
"27.71"
],
[
"2025-05-01",
"26.76"
],
[
"2025-06-01",
"27"
],
[
"2025-07-01",
"28.41"
],
[
"2025-08-01",
"26.15"
],
[
"2025-09-01",
"27.88"
],
[
"2025-10-01",
"25.14"
],
[
"2025-11-01",
"24.34"
],
[
"2025-12-01",
"25.22"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"23.45"
],
[
"2026-02-01",
"23.79"
]
]
},
{
"source_id": "full_remote_curr",
"metadata": {
"title": "All Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers: Working Fully Remote",
"frequency": "M",
"season": "NSA",
"units": "Percent",
"notes": "Percent of US full-time wage and salary workers with all work-from-home days (no days working on their employer or client worksite) the prior week. Data obtained from a sample of US workers earning $10,000 or more in a prior year, reweighted by age, sex, education, and earnings to match the share of individuals in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Copyright 2026 by Jose Maria Barrero, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis. The data are made available under the CC-BY 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. When using this work, please cite: Barrero, Jose Maria, Nicholas Bloom, and Steven J. Davis, 2021. 'Why working from home will stick,' National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 28731. See https://www.wfhresearch.com for more information.",
"additional": {
"status": "A"
}
},
"observations": [
[
"2019-12-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-05-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-06-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-07-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-08-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-09-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-10-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-11-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2020-12-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-01-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-02-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-03-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-04-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-05-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-06-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-07-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-08-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-09-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-10-01",
"NA"
],
[
"2021-11-01",
"15.27"
],
[
"2021-12-01",
"14.02"
],
[
"2022-01-01",
"17.76"
],
[
"2022-02-01",
"17.73"
],
[
"2022-03-01",
"15.48"
],
[
"2022-04-01",
"12.95"
],
[
"2022-05-01",
"13.7"
],
[
"2022-06-01",
"13.59"
],
[
"2022-07-01",
"14.22"
],
[
"2022-08-01",
"14.29"
],
[
"2022-09-01",
"12.88"
],
[
"2022-10-01",
"13.04"
],
[
"2022-11-01",
"12.94"
],
[
"2022-12-01",
"12.92"
],
[
"2023-01-01",
"11.96"
],
[
"2023-02-01",
"11.14"
],
[
"2023-03-01",
"12.82"
],
[
"2023-04-01",
"10.72"
],
[
"2023-05-01",
"12.31"
],
[
"2023-06-01",
"12.42"
],
[
"2023-07-01",
"14.12"
],
[
"2023-08-01",
"11.85"
],
[
"2023-09-01",
"11.52"
],
[
"2023-10-01",
"11.2"
],
[
"2023-11-01",
"13.07"
],
[
"2023-12-01",
"12.74"
],
[
"2024-01-01",
"12.57"
],
[
"2024-02-01",
"13.73"
],
[
"2024-03-01",
"12.33"
],
[
"2024-04-01",
"11.6"
],
[
"2024-05-01",
"12.33"
],
[
"2024-06-01",
"12.1"
],
[
"2024-07-01",
"14.84"
],
[
"2024-08-01",
"14.18"
],
[
"2024-09-01",
"13.28"
],
[
"2024-10-01",
"12.27"
],
[
"2024-11-01",
"13.1"
],
[
"2024-12-01",
"12.28"
],
[
"2025-01-01",
"14.15"
],
[
"2025-02-01",
"12.12"
],
[
"2025-03-01",
"13.54"
],
[
"2025-04-01",
"12.17"
],
[
"2025-05-01",
"12.52"
],
[
"2025-06-01",
"11.59"
],
[
"2025-07-01",
"11.96"
],
[
"2025-08-01",
"12.11"
],
[
"2025-09-01",
"12.05"
],
[
"2025-10-01",
"10.64"
],
[
"2025-11-01",
"12.03"
],
[
"2025-12-01",
"12.69"
],
[
"2026-01-01",
"10.71"
],
[
"2026-02-01",
"11.69"
]
]
}
],
"struct": {
"status_codes": {
"A": "Active",
"D": "Discontinued"
},
"frequency_codes": {
"M": "Monthly",
"A": "Annual"
},
"season_codes": {
"NSA": "Not Seasonally Adjusted",
"SA": "Seasonally Adjusted",
"SAAR": "Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate"
},
"missing_value_codes": {
"NA": "Not Applicable."
}
}
}